Sunday, December 30, 2018

computer courses for beginners online free.Computer Glossary:#computer glossary alphabetical computer glossary.

Computer Glossary: कंप्यूटर शब्दावली -

 A : glossary: शब्दावली –

Access time: The amount of time for data fequested from memory or disk to become available after the request was issued.

ACPI: Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, allows components of the system to be powered down when they are not in use.


Active Window: the window that appears in front of any other windows on the screen. Any keyboard entry into the computer will be processed first by this window.


ADSL: asynchronous digital subscriber line, a broadband connection to the internet that works independently of your telephone but using the same line to give you a high speed permanent connection.Asynchronous means that the download speed is faster than the up|oad speed so its still not suitable for hosting your own site.


AGP: accelerated graphic port, a new type of slot specifically designed for high speed graphic card.

Application: The programs that you run on the computer to perform the task that you require.


ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange, the method of encoding characters used by most smaller computers.


ASP: Active server pages, a web page scripting language produced by Microsoft. ATA: the most common bus used to provide access to hard drives, also caIIed IDE, more recent various are ATA-2 (also called EIDE) and ATA-3E.

      B { glossary: शब्दावली } -

Backlna UP : the process of copying your fules onto removable media. This gives you a cow of the files that you can recover from it something happens to the original copy.


Banner: An online advertising graphic. Usually located at the top of a web page.
Bandwidth: the process throughput of the given device usually measured in bits or bytes per second.


BGA: A screen resolution of 800x600
Binary File: Any file that is not ptain, ASCII text. For example: executable files, graphic files and compressed (ZIP) files.


BIOS: An Acronym for Basic lnput/output system. A low level set of interactions that allow your operating system to talk to the computer and its devices, such as your hard drive and keyboard. The BIOS loads devices for the operating system (DOS, Windows) and then loads the operating system.
Bit: Abbreviation of binary digit, the smallest unit of computer memory, can only hold one or zero


Boot: The process of loading and running that part of the operating system that loads the operating system .Bug: An unintentional error in a program that causes the program to not perform correctly in all circumstances
Bus: The communication channels within the computer, eg the address bus allows access to the computer memory, the data bus transfers data, other buses provide common formats for attaching devices.


Button (screen): A graphical representation of a button on the screen which can be pressed by selecting it from the keyboard or clicking on it using a mouse
Byte: Eight bits, can hold 256 different values, in single byte character sets each value is assigned a different character


BPS: Bits per second. Measurement of digital infomation transmission rates. (Can also mean bytes per second)
Browser: A software program for observing the World Wide Web; synonym for a Web client.
 

               C. { glossary: शब्दावली } -

Cache: An area of memory used to hold information being passed to and from slower memory in order to speed up access
CD-R: compact laser disk-recordable, a media which can be written to one by CD-R capable drives as ell as being able to be read by many CD ROM dhves


CD ROM: compact laser disk read only memory, holds up to about 650Mb of data and programs which can be read into the computer but not updated CD-RW: compact laser disk-rewritable, a media which can be rewritten to as required by CD-RW capable drives
CGA: Common graphics array, 3 display mode of 320x200 dots
CGI: Common gateway interface, a means of passing data between a web server and an external application


Check box: The little square boxes that appears to the left of some field. They are used as on-off switches. Where an X appear to the associated condition applies, when the box is empty the associated condition does not apply. In text mode check boxes are usually shown as [1.
Chipset: Chips found on the motherboard that handle memory management as well as the interfaces to the peripherals.
Click: To press an immediately release a mouse button


Clipboard: The place where data that you have cut or copied is stored until you are ready to paste it.
Close button: The small button with an X in it which appears at the right hand end of the title bar in recent versions of Windows and 0S/2.
Cluster: The smallest section of disk space that can be accessed by programs, depending on the filing system used this will consist of one or more sectors.
Codec: Coder-decoder chip, compresses viJeo data down to a smaller Size without a significant reduction in quality


Concatenate: To join two strings together one after the order
Control menu: The menu which appears if you select the system button at the left hand end of the title bar
Cookles: A small piece of information stored on your system for later use by the web site that wrote it so that it can customize the supplied information to your requirements.


Core voltage: The CPU runs on a ilower voltage than the rest of the computer. CPU: central processing unit, the brain of the computer, comes in several varieties which are identifiable by number (eg. 486) or name (eg. Pentium). Cracker: Someone who tries to break into other peoples computer, often with destructive intent.
Cursor: A moveable marker on the video screen which indicates the place on the screen where the next action will occur.


CYMK: Cyan yellow magenta black, the colours used by most colour printers, by mixing these four colours can be produced.
Cache: A temporary storage bin in memory and your hard drive. Cache can also be found in the CPU, and on chips on the mother board.


CMOS: Stands for Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor and refers to the physical makeup of the memory chips used to contain the CMOS memory settings. The CMOS memory settings are used to semi-permanently store infomation about your hardware: memory amount, number and type of hard drives and floppy drives, number and type of I/O ports (Serial, parallel, SCSI, USB, etc.), system bus types (ISA, PCI, EISA, etc.) and some settings related to this hardware. With Plug-and-Play components, Windows 95/98/NT can update some of this information. CMOS memory is not the same as the BIOS (Basic Input /Output System) memory which is stored in ROM (Read Only Memory) or PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory). In some systems the BIOS is stored in Flash EPROMFIash-programmable .ErasablelProgrammable Read Only Memory) which is re-programmable without removing the chips from the system using special software.
CPU: Central Processing Unit. The heart of your computer. The CPU is the module that processes the data.

  D.. { glossary: शब्दावली } -



DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocolthe method for a device to dynamically assign IP addresses from a central server to each connected computer or device that uses TCP/IP protocol.
Directory: A directory is a folder. Microsoft tried to make it easier for the user to understand what a directory is so it named them Folders.


DMA: (Direct Memory Access) addressing used by some hardware. Your system should have 6 available addresses 00 to 05. No two pieces of hardware can share a DMA channel. Most new hardware no longer uses a DMA. Microsoft Press’s: A channel for direct memory access that does not involve the microprocessor, providing data transfer directly between memory and the disk drive.
Database: A data storage repository containing data organized in such a way as to simplify its retrieval.


DDR: Double data rate memory using synchronous dynamic ram.
Default directory: The current directory being accessed on each drive. The default directory on the default drive is known as the current working directory. Default drive: The drive which will be used by tile accesses where a drive letter is not specified. Text based operating systems usually indicate the default drive as part of the command prompt.
Defrag: As you add and delete files on your hard drive the individual files end up being stored in a large number of fragments wherever there is free space on the drive. This slows down the process of reading the file. To resolve this we need to defragment the drive.


Desktop: The background which appears behind the windows displayed on your screen.
Device: A piece of computer hardware that performs a specific function. DHCP: Dynamic host configuration protocol, a method of dynamically allocating IP addresses to the devices on a network.
Dlgital resolution: An enhanced resolution of a scanning device obtained by interpolation.
Directory: Also called folder, a table of contents for a related rest of Weeks. Dlrects: Microsoft's multimedia and gamirg extensions.
Disk (tloppy): Now a 3-1/2" flexible magnetic platter onto which data can be stored contained within a rigid plastic case, earlier floppy disks were 5-1/4» or 8" and contained within a cardboard cover.


Disk (hard): A number of rigid magnetic platters contained inside the computer, has a much larger memory capacity that floppies.
DLL: Dynamic Link Library, common routines shared between programs that are placed in a separate module external to the programs that are to use them.
Download: The process of transferring data from a server to your computer. Dos: Denial of Service, bombarding a server with bogus requests so as to so overload it that it is unable to process legitimate requests.


DOS: disk operating system, provides the interface between your application programs and the computer hardware, makes it possible to run the same programs on different hardware configurations, still the popular operating system in use.
Dot pitch: The distance in millimeters between the holes in the shadow mask inside of your monitor (or between the wires if your monitor uses an aperture grill). All other things being equal the smaller the dot pitch, the sharper the image.
Double click: To click a mouse button twice in quick succession.


DPI: Dots per inch, a measure of the sharpness of a printed image, the dots placed by inkjet printers spread slightly so 20% higher dots are required to obtain the same sharpness as a laser printers eg. A 600 dpi .laser has the same resolution as a 720 dpi inkjet.
Drag: To move the mouse printer across the screen while holding a mouse button down
Driver: A small utility program that acts as the interface between the operating system and a specific hardware device

 E.. { glossary: शब्दावली } -

Exportllmport: A means of taking information out of the Registty and saving it as a text file in a format that can be put back in the Registry. Input this information is called Importing. Opening RegEdit clicking on the key you want to Export, then the Menu Bar Item “Registiy” and then “Export” does this procedure, saving it to a file name without an extension. You should always save it within the Windows Directory so that you can Import it back in if need be. To save the entire Registry you need to click on “Computer” and then Export.


EGA: Extended graphics array, a display mode of 480><320 dots
EISA: Extended industry standard architecture, a 32 bit version of an ISA slot, usually brown also the bus associated with such slots.
Email: The most commonly used part of the internet, used to send text and image enhanced messages to other intemet users.
Exabyto (Eb): 1024 Petabytes or 1 152 921 504 606 846 976 bytes (2”60 bytes)

 F.. { glossary: शब्दावली } - #computer science glossary.

FAT: (File Allocation Table) this table information is stored in the Data section of a bootable disk (floppy or hard). It normally consists of the first 63 sectors.Information about each file, size. location, and number of sectors used to store the file are keep here. If the table (Table 1) becomes corrupted there is backup table (Table 2). Windows uses Table 1 to read files, Scandisk for Windows can also read Table 2 if needed. Fdisk can read Table 2 aiso, if you use the MBR switch (fdisklmbr) to repair the boot sector. if the table becomes corrupted this is known as losing the FAT. Microsoft Press’s: A file system based on a tile allocation table, maintained by the operating system, to keep track of the status of various segments of disk space used for file storage. The 32-bit implementation in Windows 9x is called the Virtual File Allocation Table (VFAT) More about FAT.


FAT32: File Allocation Table, available on OSR2 and higher. Correct name is HPFS (High performance File System). Also see FAT. File: A co‘llection of related information eg. a document or program. Firewall: A hardware or software barrier placed between your computer/network and the internet to help protect your system from external attacks.
Font: The particular typeface used to display your text eg. Courier, Times New Roman, Helvetica.
Foreground Application: in multi-tasking operating systems (eg. Windows NT 08/2) the application to which the active window belongs. In task swapping; operating systems (99. Windows) the application that is actually running. Format: the command that you use to clean out the contents of a disk so that you can reuse it. FSB: Front side bus. The connection between the processor and the main memory. FTP: File Transfer Protocol, 3 method of transferring file across the Internet. Function: A part of a program which performs a particular task.

 G.. { glossary: शब्दावली } -

GPF: General Page FaultWhen the 08 cannot process a command generated by a program it falters and cannot continue without dropping the command from memory. GPFs are displayed as the Blue Screen of Death of by a System Error message. More information on this subject is available on our General Page Fault page. Also see Memory Address. Gigabyte (GD): 1024 Megabytes or 1073741824 bytes (2”30 bytes). Gopher: A method of document retrieval via the intemet, now almost completely superseded by HTTP. GPU: Graphics processor unit. The Central processing component of your graphics card. GUI: Graphical user interface, a method of displaying information information on the computer screen in graphical form.

H... { glossary: शब्दावली } -

Hacker: A person who delights in having an intimate understanding of the internal workings of a system, computers, software, and computer networks in particular.
Hit: A request from a browser for a single item from a web server. An overused term when discussing traffic on a Website, e.g. “We get 500,000 hits per month.” Calling one page from a server could result in dozens of “hits” because each graphic is interpreted as a hit. In reality, counting only the "‘index.htm” page or “defaulthtm” page would be a more accurate gauge of traffic.
Hacker: Someone who can write clever and fast code although not necessarily well structured. This term is also incorrectly used to refer to people who try to break into other people’s computer systems.


Hardware: The physical components that make up a computer system. Help: Pressing the F 1 key usually brings up a help screen which provides further information associated with the field or window that is currently active.
HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language, the markup language used to define pages on the intemet that are downloadable via HTTP.
HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, the method used to transfer documents to your computer from the World Wide Web.

I.. { glossary: शब्दावली } -

IOS Error: (Initiating the Operating System, the true meaning is Inputhutput Supervisor) These errors occur while Windows is first booting up, loading files into memory. There are logged in the bootlog. This error can be devastating, causing you to be locked out of Windows. Usually you need to format. RegRepair 2000 can repair most of these errors as long as you are not locked out of Windows. Windows may not report these errors to you while booting. To find these errors use the Find ilOS Errors in Res Repair 2000. IRQ: (Interrupt Request) There are 15 lRQs available. No two pieces of hardware can share the same IRQ, with the exception of your PCI and IDE controllers. The IDES are usually 14 and 15.A special card can be installed in your machine to make available more iRQs. Microsoft Press’s: Hardware lines over which devices can send signals to get the attention of the processor when the Device is ready to accept or send information. Typically, each device connected to the computer uses a separate IRQ. IIO: (Input/Output Range) The memory addressing range a device uses to communicate. No two devices may share an l/O range. If you have 3 or more Com ports then l/Os are shared which means that only one device may be used at a time. Microsoft Press’s: IIO request Packet: data structures that drivers use to communicate with each other. Icon: A small image on the computer screen used to represent a file or part of the computer. lie Integrated Drive Electronics, see ATA.


Internet: A vast connection of computers using TCP/IP to communicate with each other. Used to run applications such as FTP, Telnet, SMTP, POP3. Gopher, HTTP (WW), and many others that allow information to be shared around the world.
Interrupt: One of a small number of fixed addresses on your computer that can send signals to the CPU to interrupt the current processing with some time critical processing relating to the attached device.
IIO: input/output, the act of reading or writing.
ISA: Industry Standard Architecture, the original standard for slots for provision of add-on cards originally 8 bit then extended to 16 bit, usually black, also the bus associated with such slots.

J. { glossary: शब्दावली } -

JK: Keyboard the typewriter like input device attached to the computer.
Kilobyte (k): 1024 bytes (2X10 bytes).

K.. { glossary: शब्दावली } –

Key: An index In the Registry’s database. If you view the Registry using RegEdit you will see folder in the Left window and subfolders. These are Keys in the Registry. The Registry is a database. Entries in the database are found in the right window.

L. { glossary: शब्दावली } -

Low Level Format: Writing zeros to the entire hard drive which removes all partitions, clusters, boot sectors, all data is removed. LAN: Local Area Network, the hardware and software allowing sharing of resources between computers located relatively close together.

M... { glossary: शब्दावली } -

Memory Address: Windows uses a demand-paged virtual memory system, a linear address space accessed using 32-bit addresses. Each process is allocated its own address space. No two processes can occupy the same address. When you get a Windows message that a program has performed an illegal operation and you click on details, you will see the memory addresses (014fc301678df) of the process that perform the iliegal operation. Memory Allocation: Windows uses the random access memory (RAM) and a virtual memory address (Swap file). Windows places information into RAM and then moves it to the Swap File when it need to make room in RAM. Or moves the information into the Swap File that is not needed immediately.


Menu Bar item: The word that are printed across the top of this window about the tool bar (if any) Files Edit View Help. Menu Items are the items in the menu that pops up when you click on a Menu Bar Item. MCA: Micro Computer Architecture, an alternate slot design used in early computers to provide 32 bit access, also the bus associated with such slots. Megabyte (Mb): 1024 kilobytes or 1048576 bytes (2"20 bytes).


Mega Hertz: A measure of frequency in millions of cycles per second. Can be used to compare relative speed of CPUs which carry out the same number of operations per cycle but meaningless in comparing different types of CPUs. Menu: The row of names which appears under the title and any drop-down lists which appear if you select one of the names.
Modem: Modulator/demodulator, converts digital signals to analog and vice versa, used to connect a digital device (such as a computer) to an analog device (such as a phone line) allowing communication.


Monitor: The tv like display attached to the computer, comes in van'eties with names like CGA, EGA, VGA, super VGA which indicate the maximum resolution of the displayed image. Motherboard: The main circuit board inside of the computer.
 Mouse: A pointing device that when moved around the desk moves a pointer around the computer screen. Mouse button: One of the two or three buttons at the top edge of the mouse, used to perform actions on the object pointed at by the mouse pointer.


Multiplier: The speed differential between the CPU and the FSB. MuItI-tasking: Also known as pre-emptive multi-tasking. The operating system shares the computer resources between two or more applications so that 5 the applicators appearto be nothing shnuhaneougy.
 

N.{ glossary: शब्दावली } -

Nanosecond: One billionth of a Second. From techtargetcom: in education, a Grace Hopper nanosecond is a prop used by a teacher to help students understand an abstract concept. The teaching tool got its name from the foot-Iong lengths of telephone wire that Admiral Grace Hopper used to give out at lectures. Admiral Hopper used the wires to illustrate how in one billionth of second (a nanosecond) an electronic signal can travel almost twelve inches.


NTFS: New Technology File System. Available on Windows NT. 2000. 2003. XP, it allows for a greater file security than FAT or FAT32. Similar to a file allocation table used by Windows 9x, but it is not FAT. Each file or folder can be set to allow specific users.
NIC: Network Interface Card, used to attach a computer to a network.

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O... { glossary: शब्दावली } -

Operating system: A collection of computer programs that control the execution of other programs, it schedules jobs, assigns memory locations' and controls l/O, (see DOS, 03/2, windows NT) ODBC: Open data base connectivity, a common interface that windows programs can use to access most databases.


OLE: Object linking and embedding, allows creation of compound documents where parts of the document have been created using different applications, Optical resolution: The true resolution of scanning device.


 Option buttons: Also known as radio buttons. The little circles that appear to the left of some helps. They are used to select one from a number of choices. Where a dot appears in the circle the associated condition applies and the other conditions listed do not apply. In text mode option buttons are usually shown as 0. OSl2An operating system which allows each application program to run in its own separate protected region (see also Windows NT).
 Overtyping: Where a single character or block of text is selected, the next character typed will replace the selected text. To tum overtyping on or off press the Insert key.

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P. { glossary: शब्दावली } -

Page: The transfer of data, a logical block of memory, from virtual memory to physical memory, or from physical memory to virtual memory. Page Table Entry: Also known as PTE. A 32 bit entry into the paging file table, the entry is valid and page is present in physical memory. The entry define the mapping of virtual memory to Physical memory.


Path: A ftle path contains the location of the file. C:\Windows\System is the path for the file name C:\Windows\System\Azt16.drv. A valid path must contains the drive letter, a full colon and backslash, the directory and a backslash, any sub directories and a backslash, and the file name and extension. Phishing: A site that falsely claims to be a legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering personal information, for the purpose of identify chief; May be via email or a link from another site. Partition: A section of a hard drive treated by the operating system as a separate logical drive. PCI: Peripheral component interconnect, a newer style of slot for add-on cards, usually 32 bit but sometimes extended to provide 64 bit access, usually white, also the bus associated with such slots. PERL: Practical extraction and report ianguage, an interpretive programming language commonly used to write CGI scripts.


Peripheral: any part of the computer not contained within the same case as the CPU. Petabyte (Pb): 1024 Terabytes or 1 125 899 906 842 624 bytes (2"50 bytes).

 PHP: PHP hypertext preprocessor (originally caIled personal home page), a server side scripting language that can be used to provide interactive pages on the internet. PIM: Personal information manager, a suite of programs including address book, diary, and scheduling functions. Pixel: Picture element, a single dot displayed on your monitor.


 POPS: A method of temporarily connecting to a mail server in order to download email addresses to you. POST: Power On Self Test, a series of tests run to check the computer hardware when the computer is first turned on.


Printer: A device that attaches to your computer into an image on paper. Prompt: A visual indication provided by a command line interface to show that the program or operating system is ready to accept another input.

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R... #computer glossary. .

 RAM: Random Access Memory is temporary memory that your computer uses to store information. Text copied to the “clipboar " is stored in RAM until it is replaced by new information or the computer is turned off. RAID: Redundant array of inexpensive disks, methods of using a number of smaller cheaper disks instead of larger (and hence more expensive) disks to provide higher capacity drives and also redundancy in the event of hard drive failure. There are six different versions of RAID and most allow for the content of one drive to the recreated from the content of the others.

RAM: Random access memory, the memory that the computer uses to run your programs.Relational Databases:

S... { glossary: शब्दावली } -

Stacks: Reserved memory that programs use for processing. An error message “stack overflow" is because there is not enough space in memory available to handle the calls being made to Windows.
Scanner: A device that attaches to your computer that will covert printed material into images on the computer.
Scroll: The movement of text as it rolls up or down the screen.


 SCSI: Small computer system interface, a computer bus system allowing a number of different types of devices to be the same interface card. SDRAM: Synchronous dynamic random access memory, a type of memory used by most current low to mid range systems for their main memory. SGML: Standard generalized markup language, the generalized markup system upon which other markup languages such as HTML and XML are based.
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a method used to transfer email between computers that are permanently connected to the network.


Shortcut: A combination of keys which when pressed together perform a function without having to traverse menus to reach it eg. CtrI+X= cut, Ctrl+C= copy, Ctrl+V= paste. Slot: One of a number of special sockets usually aligned along the back of the motherboard to allow add-on cards to be installed.
 Software: Computer programs, stored as magnetic or electric needs, they have no physical existence. SOL: Structures Query Language, pronounced Sequel. A standardized set of commands used to access relational databases. Super VGA: A display mode greater than 640><600 dots (eg. 800><600, 1024X768, 12SOX1024,1600>(1280).

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T. { glossary: शब्दावली } -

TCPIIP: Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet ProtocolThe protocol that computers use to communicate over the llntemet. This protocol is common to all operating systems, so it an be used by Windows to communicate with Unix and all others for local networking as well.
Trojan: A computer program which carries within itself a means to allow the program’s creator access to the system using it. A Trojan normally will not do any damage by itself. Task swapping: also known as concurrent multi-tasking. Where one application can give up control of the computer to another application and when control is returned will resume from where it left off.


TCPIIP: a communications protocol that allows computers attached to one another via network hardware or dial up connections to share information. Used by computers attached to the intemet. Telnet: a method of connecting to a remote computer and carrying out operations on that computer as if were your own. Terabyte (Tb): 1024 Gigabytes or 1 099 511 627 776 bytes (2"40 bytes). Trojan: a piece of software that appears to perform some useful function but having its primary and more destructive purpose concealed.
Toolbar: a row of buttons etc. which may appear at the top of a window under the menu bar.

U.. { glossary: शब्दावली } -

Upload: the process of transferring data from your computer to a server.
URL: universal resource locator, addresses used to identify specific documents on the web. USB: universal serial bus, one means of connecting peripheral devices {6 your computer.


V.. { glossary: शब्दावली } -

VESA: a 32 bit extension to the 16 bit ISA standard slot specifically designed for high speed graphics cards, now superseded by PCI and AGP. VGA: video graphics array, a display mode of 640><480 dots. Virus: a piece of software that can repklicate itself across computer networks, often carrying a destructive payload with it. VPN: virtual private network, a wide area private network that piggybacks off of the intemet. The message packets between the computers on the VPN are transferred using the intemet but can only be interpreted by computers on the
VPN. Virus: A program that when loaded infects, alters or destroys other programs. Some vims programs cause major trouble and some are nothing more than annoying pranks.
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W .. { glossary: शब्दावली } -

WAP: Wireless application protocol, used to connect mobile devices to the web.
Web: The world wide web is that part of the intemet where pages of nformation stored for later display by browsers.
Windows: A graphical user interface which runs on Dos, allows you to switch between programs and return to the same point at a later time. Windows NTI2000IXP: An operating system which allows each application program to mn in its own separate protected region (see also 08/2). Windows 95l98lSE/ME: Modern version of DOS with the windows graphical interface included. '


Word: The amount of data corresponding to the size of the data bus of the computer, eg. the word length on a 32 bit data bus is 4 bytes.
Working Directory: The directory which will be assumed for all file references where a directory is not specified.


Worm: Code deliberately introduced :into a computer in order to performance action different from and contrary to that intended by the user WORM write once read many.
WWW: World Wide Web, a part of the internet where documents written in HTML can be downloaded via HTTP and viewed in a web browser. Worm: A computer program, which replicates itself and is self-propagating. Worms, as opposed to viruses, are meant to spawn in network environments. Worms usually are designed to slow down a network or even crash it. See also: Trojan Horse. Virus.
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X... { glossary: शब्दावली } -

XGA: A screen resolution of 1024X768.
XML: Extensible markup language, a subset of SGML that can be used to create tags that describe the data contents.

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Y. { glossary: शब्दावली } -

Yottabyte (Yb): 1024 Zettabytes or 1 2087 925 819 614 629 174 706 176 bytes (2X80 bytes).

Releted topic….
1.      Free online computer corsus…
2.      Educational topic….
3.      Motivational line………..
4.      Gk.in hindi……….
5.      Good morning smg……

    YouTubechennal


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Saturday, December 29, 2018

free online computer courses ,bits and bytes computers,ram and rom examples free computer courses ..

Bit and Byte –

What is a bitbit एक binary digit है ! bit केवल एक ही value store कर सकता है , 0 या 1, क्योकि bits बहुत छोटे होते है , इसिलिय लोग एक bit पर बहुत कम कार्य करते है ! bits की 8 के gruup में मिलाकर एक byte बन जाता है ! एक byte में ‘’h’’ जैसे character को store करने की पर्याप्त जगह होती है !

What is a Bytebyte short form है “ binary term  का ! एक single byte 8 bite के समूह से बना है और एक character को store करने की समता रखता है !

Memory: मेमोरी – memory का अर्थ होता है chips के रूप data storage और storage शब्द का अर्थ tapes और disks में स्थति memory से होता है ! हलाकि memory का अर्थ physical memory के short hand के रूप में लिया जाता है, जिसका मतलब है chips जो की data को store कर सके ! कुछ computer virtual memory उपयोग करते है , जोकि hard disk पर physical memory को बढ़ा देते है !
हर computer कुछ fixed amount की physical memory के साथ आता है ! जिसे main memory या ram कहा जाता है !


आप main memory को एक array की तरह समझे जिसमे हर box ,single byte information store कर सकता है ! एक कंप्यूटर जिसका memory 1 megabyte है million bytes की information store कर सकता है !

Friday, December 28, 2018

classification of output devices,example of output devices with pictures,#computer course in hindi free

Output devices in hindi.

Output devices : आउटपुट डिवाईस –


1.       Monitor : मॉनिटर –2.       Printers ; प्रिंटर्स –3.       Graphics plotter : ग्राफिक्स पलोटर –
4.       Secondary storage devices : सेकेंडरी स्टोरेज दिवाइस –5.       Floppy disk : फ्लोपी डिस्क –6.       Magnetic tape : मेग्नेटिक टेप –7.       Optical disk : ओपटिकल डिस्क –8.       Paper tape पेपर टेप –9.       ROM,RAM,Bits,and Bytes : रोम,रेम,बिट्स और बाईट्10.   Storage media : स्टोरेज मिडिया –

इन सभी को एक-एक कर के विस्तार से जानेगे –

1. Monitor : मॉनिटर – कंप्यूटर मोनिटर , स्क्रीन या VDU { विज्युवल डिफ्ले यूनिट } साधारण output devices है ! यह TV स्क्रीन के समान है ! यह एक विंडो की तरह कार्य करता है ! जो कुल सुचना का एक भाग प्रदशित करता है ! साधारणत: मोनिटर 25 पंक्तिया प्रदशित करते है और प्रयेक पक्तिय में 80 अश्रर होते है ! Profft: लाभ – सस्ते होते है , कलर की रेज में टेक्स्ट व ग्राफिक्स को प्रदर्शित कर सकते है ! ये पेपर को खराब नही करते है !

 Loss: हानि – परमानेंट कोपी नही रखते है और visual problems के साथ यूजर के लिय उचित नही है ! स्किन का आकार इंचो में मापा जाता है ! प्रसिद्ध आकार 15 इंच { 38 cm } और 17 इंच { 43 cm } है !

 2.       Printers ; प्रिंटर्स – प्रिंटर output device के लिय उपयोग किया जाता है ! प्रिंटर output की हार्ड कोफ़ी देता है ! जी बाद में रेफरेंस के लिय store किया जा सकता है ! यह बाजार में विभिन्न प्रकार के प्रिंटर उपलब्ध है !

Classifying printers : प्रिंटर को निम्नलिखित आधार पर वर्गीक्रत किया जाता है !

  • speed: गति – प्रिंटर एक समय में एक अक्षर प्रिंट कर सकता है ! ऐसे प्रिंटर सीरियल प्रिंटर कहलाते है ! या एक लाइन को प्रिंट कर ते है ! कुछ ग्रह computer के लिय पिरिन्टर एक मिनट में 800 अक्षर प्रिंट करता है या तेज गति से लेजिर प्रिंटर 21000 लाइन पर मिनट प्रिंट करता है !
  •    Print quality: प्रिंट क्वालिटी – प्रिंटर ड्राफ्ट या लैटर क्वालिटी का हो सकता है !

  • Draft quallty – डॉट मेट्रिक्स प्रिंटर पिन के मेट्रिक्स के द्वारा अक्षर को प्रिंट करता है ! हिय टाइम and temprectrue सन को फोलो करता है ,या डिस्प्ले को स्कोल ट्रेन पर स्क्रोल करना इत्यादि ! यही मेट्रिक्स या ग्रिड number की वेराईटी के बनाने के लिय उपयोग किया जाता है !

  • Letter quality printers – ये प्रिंटर अक्षर उत्पन करते है जो ओपिस टाईपराइटर के दवारा उन्त्पन किया जाता है ! उनके समान होते है ! ये लेटर , बैक ग्राहक के लिय अच्छी quality उन्त्पन के सकते है ! ये डॉट मेट्रिक प्रिंटर को अपेक्ष अधिक महंगे होते है !

  •        Printing method: प्रिंट करने की विधि – प्रिंटर या टो इम्पेक्ट प्रिंटर या नो इम्पेक्ट प्रिंटर हो सकता है ! एक इम्पेक्ट प्रिंटर में हेमर तकनीकी का पयोग किया जाता है ! इसमे प्रिंटर का हेड रिबन पर स्ट्रीक करता है ! जिसमे पेपर पर output प्रिंट होती है जैसे की कोई टाईपराइटर करता है !
  •       Impact printers – यही पर विभिन प्रकार के इम्पैक्ट प्रिंटर होते है – चैन,बैण्ड,ड्रम,मेट्रिक और व्हील ! यह अंतर इनमे ईस आदर पे किया जाता है की पेपर पर type element क्या ट्रांसफर करता है !
  •   Chain printers: चैन प्रिंटर – इस प्रिंटर के प्रिंट में चेन करेक्टर का सन्गठन होता है ! जैसे की साईकिल की चैन ! प्रतेक स्थति में हेमर होते है और जब अक्षर प्रिंट करते तो चैन स्ट्रैक करते है ! जी पेपर रिबन के विरित होते है ! इस प्रिंटर का लाभ यह है की चैन को विभिन प्रकार के फोर्म्तेस या स्टेलो के लिय बदल जा सकते है !
  • Band printers: बैण्ड – हिय एक लाइन प्रिंटर है जी 3000 लाइन पर सेकंड में प्रिंट करता है! इसमे एक बेड होता है जो बहुत तेज गति से घूमता है ! प्रतेक प्रिंट की स्थति पर हेमर होता है जो एक चिन्ह पर स्टोक करता है !
  •    Drum printers: ड्रम प्रिंटर – यह एक लाइन प्रिंटर है जिसमे एक सिलेण्ड ड्रम होता है और इसकी सतह पर उभरे हुए अक्षर होते है ! ड्रम के चारो और प्रतेक अक्षर 64 विभिन्न अक्षरों का सगठन होता है ! प्रिंटर इसे प्रिंट करने में सक्षम होते है ! बैण्ड की सख्या की सख्या के बराबर होती है !
  Non impact printr: नॉन इम्पैक्ट प्रिंटर – ये प्रिंटर अक्षर को पेपर पर स्ट्रीक नही करते है ! इसिलिय ये इम्पैक्ट प्रिंटर से कम आवाज वाले होते है , क्योकि ये केवल कुछ ही घुमने वाले भाग रखने है ! ये सामान्य से अधिक विश्वसनीय होते है ! ये 6 प्रकार का होता है ! इलेक्ट्रॉनिक स्तेंतिग , मेग्नेटिक , इक जेट , जेरोग्रफिक लेजर और थर्मल !